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In HNL-catalyzed reactions, high yields of enantiomerically pure product are compromised by spontaneous non-enzymatic formation of racemic cyanohydrin and racemization of the product due to equilibration of the reaction.
Upon heating to 140 °C this gel underwent an irreversible transformation into syrupy, soluble spirocycles due to equilibration of Ti O R bonds.
During the early stage of Phase I, the concentrations of the major ions (for example Ca2+ and SO42-) decreased due to equilibration of the sediments with site groundwater.
At higher pH zero-valent sulfur is slightly heavier than hydrogen sulfide due to equilibration in the rhombic sulfur polysulfide – hydrogen sulfide system.
In natural aquatic systems at slightly basic pH, the values of zero-valent sulfur are usually isotopically heavier than sulfide due to equilibration through polysulfide formation reactions (Eqs. 1, 2) [49].
This effect is understood to be due to equilibration across the entire extracellular fluid space (whole blood + interstitial fluid).
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Short-term stability tests are meaningful if capsule embrittlement or softening is due to water equilibration or another migration process that takes place rapidly.
This might be due to an equilibration of cultivation conditions meaning that the least resistant spores of the spore population are quickly inactivated.
Olivine in RA-QD02-0133-1 small a small compositional variation Fo70-711) and similarly only minor variation in Raman spectra due to compositional equilibration.
Due to T1 equilibration effects the first four volumes of each session were discarded.
Figure 3b depicts the rapid response of the oxygen concentration at the bottom of the well when switching between two oxygenation conditions, which is not possible with the standard hypoxic chamber due to long equilibration times.
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