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The native population fared poorly and suffered massive loss of people due to epidemics and colonial period hardships.
Thus, any deviation from the production possibilities frontier is attributed to inefficiency, whereas some of the deviations from the frontier may in fact be due to epidemics, civil war or natural disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquakes) leading to displacement of people.
The first stage, 'the age of pestilence and famine', is characterised by high and fluctuating mortality due to epidemics, famines and war, and poor living conditions.
This is likely due to epidemics with a lower R0 exhibiting a slower take off which in turn lowers the probability that at a particular point in time infection will be observed as a lower number of overall birds will be infected.
Similar(56)
A rapid increase of wealth occurred among the Northwest Coast natives, along with increased warfare, potlatching, slaving, and depopulation due to epidemic disease.
A report released in November by Amnesty International found that LGBTQ people were fleeing to the U.S from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in large numbers due to "epidemic levels of violence," including killings by gangs and security forces.
P. falciparum epidemics seem responsible for high death rates: the estimated number of deaths probably due to malaria at our sites (≈18,000) represents about 10% of the worldwide total estimated annual deaths due to epidemic malaria (2 ).
Of course, it would be evidently clearer if one had measured the number of infectious individuals due to the epidemics in comparison with that due to the initial number of infectious algal individuals.
At least two major population declines, possibly due to disease epidemics, have occurred in recorded history: in 1909 and 1950.
Local variation in abundance of specific parasites can be due to transient epidemics or alternatively, to more stable variation in population densities caused by habitat or environmental differences.
The results point to a positive selection of protective variants over time, most probably due to past epidemics.
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