Thus, the transmission pattern of vector-born pathogens is likely determined by high connectivity between hosts and ectoparasites due to nestedness, counterbalanced by the existence of nested compartments of resistant hosts that are dead ends for pathogens (expanding the "dilution effect" hypothesis) [4].
26 This may be due to the counterbalancing effects of BP elevation, ICP reduction and increased venous return to stabilise cerebral perfusion pressure in the subacute phase.
Angiogenesis, induced either by CNS inflammation or by hypoxic stimuli related to neurovascular uncoupling, appears to be ineffective in chronic MS due to a counterbalancing effect of vasoconstrictive mechanisms determined by the reduced axonal activity, astrocyte dysfunction, microglia secretion of free radical species and mitochondrial abnormalities.
The nZVI effective mobility values in the porous medium are very low (10−7 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1), due to the counterbalance between the positive electroosmotic flow and the electrophoretic transport of the negatively charged nanoparticles.
The presence of an optimal FEP content is due to the counterbalance between enhanced performance produced with increased gas permeability and decreased performance yielded with small contact area and electrical conductivity with excess FEP.
The reason why some patients develop VAT and not ventilator-associated pneumonia is unknown but is probably due to a counterbalance in the local inflammatory response.
The lack of significant effects of dantrolene on the VF inducibility and maintenance in the HF group might be due to a counterbalance of its antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic effects.
Two mechanisms contribute to counterbalancing the drug effects.
This was primarily due to French efforts to counterbalance the power of the Habsburg emperor by strengthening the Hohenzollern, and while Frederick William valued these territories lower than Western Pomerania, they became step-stones for the creation of a closed, dominant realm in Germany in the long run.
In previous studies, we demonstrated that such remarkable sex-specific cardiac response to estrogenic chemicals is due to the opposing and counterbalancing actions of ER signaling (Belcher et al. 2012).
