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The presence of a permanent biliary stent (e.g. in pancreatic cancer) slightly increases the risk of cholangitis, but stents of this type are often needed to keep the bile duct patent under outside pressure.
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Cholangiography showed a common bile duct and pancreatic duct and a common channel patent, but a common hepatic duct or intrahepatic duct was not observed (Fig. 2).
Intraoperative cholangiography showed a common bile duct and pancreatic duct and a common channel patent, while the common hepatic duct or intrahepatic duct was not visualized.
An abdominal ultrasound demonstrated normal hepatic echogenicity with normal calibre common bile duct and patent hepatic vasculature.
The patients were followed up for half a year, during which time the lacrimal duct was patent and epiphora symptoms had resolved.
The nasolacrimal ducts were patent in both sides.
A patent arterial duct connects to the left pulmonary artery, completing a vascular ring around the trachea that is mildly compressed due to a dilated oesophagus seen in (i).
For some, it is necessary to close a cardiac or extracardiac shunt using occluder (double disc system, plug, coil…): closure of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect or patent arterial duct.
CCK-HIDA revealed a patent cystic duct and gallbladder dyskinesia.
The diagnosis of a patent arterial duct (PDA) was made more frequently over time.
With the symptoms/signs of epiphora, discharge, and punctal swelling observed, canaliculitis should still be suspected even with no concretions observed among patients with patent lacrimal duct.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com