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The occurrence of cholestasis was interpreted as indicative of incipient bile duct destruction.
Infiltrating T cells in both of these models are closely associated with areas of bile duct destruction [ 41, 43].
Histologically this animal model is characterized by portal inflammation, bile duct proliferation, interlobular bile duct destruction and biliary fibrosis.
Bile duct destruction in SSC-CIP appears to be the consequence of a single event, during which a large number of cholangiocytes are damaged directly and irreversibly.
Sites of bile duct destruction are marked by aggregates of lymphoid cells and bile duct proliferation might also be observed at histological examination.
Although the etiology of BA is unclear, there are several theories of pathogenesis derived from the existing animal models, including viral infection [ 2, 44– 46], autoimmune-mediated bile duct destruction [ 47, 48], and abnormalities in bile duct development [ 49].
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In contrast with uninfected littermate controls, prominent infiltrations of bile ducts, destruction of biliary epithelial cells with severe bile duct damage, and formation of granulomas were observed.
Fibrosis, which is thought to be a tissue reaction to the bile extravasation associated with bile duct epithelium destruction, may involve Th2 cytokines that are suppressed in the mouse system, particularly in the NOD background (Delovitch and Singh, 1997).
MRL/ lpr mice treated with LIPUS showed a marked reduction in histological damage, such as the lymphocyte infiltration of surrounding duct and the destruction of gland tissue, compared with untreated MRL/ lpr mice (Additional file 5: Figure S5A).
Research has been shown to have significant advantages in ablating hepatic tissue, such as rapid lesion creation, rapid lesion resolution, sparing of structures such as vessels and bile ducts, and uniform destruction throughout the IRE lesion.
During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the removal of common bile duct stones involves the destruction or dilatation of the bile duct orifice.
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