Collecting in the past was also often in the context of ethical values that would be regarded as dubious today: specimens collected without any consideration of who has any customary right to them or to whom might benefit from their exploitation.
They claimed that Paul's statement, that an adult Archaeopteryx would have been a better flyer than the juvenile Munich specimen, was dubious.
Because of this, several scientists have noted that the type specimen, and thus the genus Allosaurus itself or at least the species A. fragillis, is technically a nomen dubium ("dubious name", based on a specimen too incomplete to compare to other specimens or to classify).
The traditional view that ceratopsoids originated in North America was called into question by the 2009 discovery of better specimens of the dubious Asian form Turanoceratops, which confirmed it as a ceratopsid.
Because of this, several scientists have interpreted the type specimen as potentially dubious, and thus the genus Allosaurus itself or at least the species A. fragilis would be a nomen dubium ("dubious name", based on a specimen too incomplete to compare to other specimens or to classify).
Whether the collections are private or housed in museums, and whether the bones come from private donors or dubious means, those who collect human bone specimens are serious about respect.
A. inflata (Velenovský, 1920) may represent another synonym, but the type specimens were not preserved, so it is considered a dubious name (nomen dubium).
Spoligotyping provided additional evidence for M. tuberculosis complex DNA for both the adult and infant specimens (Supporting Figure S4 A D), although there were several faint or dubious positives and inconsistencies between replicates, as might be expected of ancient specimens.
These specimens represented mainly Leucorrhinia dubia and L. rubicunda as distinguishing between the two species is dubious in very small larvae.
In addition, "Peronospora farinosa", despite being widely used, currently represents a dubious name, as it was described from Atriplex sp. without further details, and no extant type specimen is known.
