Some critics have also fretted about the dubious effect the show may be having on some viewers.
Then, in 2009, trials showed that P.S.A. screening led to many unnecessary surgeries and had a dubious effect on prostate cancer deaths.
The focus now is on whether the economic theory that had seemed to bolster austerity programmes will follow them into full reverse – and whether politicians and bankers will stick with programmes that are having dubious effect.
Both have invested heavily in their news operations – even to uncertain, or dubious effect (there have been recent reports that Bloomberg is unhappy with the lackluster results of its television expansion and may shrink the business).
Rather than retire the grizzled warriors, some automakers continue to soften and compromise them, sometimes to dubious effect: the 4Runner is a pale shadow of its rebellious self of the 1980s and '90s.
Closer to the present time, one student "quotes" George Orwell to the dubious effect that "the British reduced Burma to a small city north of India" and "Europeans in India inhabited designated spots where they could practise their imperialist values on one another".
"Congress can change the tax code (as it did in 1993) so that salaries above $1 million would be taxed at an excess rate -- but the dubious effect was to put more emphasis on incentive compensation (by other means, such as stock options)." There's always a workaround to legislation.
6 Among the traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that are generally of dubious effect in patients with AS compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis or with psoriatic arthritis, a preventive effect of DMARDs on AU flares has been reported only for sulfasalazine.
"Men are coming in for boosts, which they didn't do when I started," says Lieb, who explains that combining office visits with regular over-the-counter treatments can create a phosphorescent effect, a dubious result.
The reality is that a store like Tesco, for all of its flaws and dubious side effects, would offer affordable food and clothing to those in Sherborne who need it.
