Sentence examples for dual variables from inspiring English sources

Define the dual variables.

where contains all dual variables.

λ is the dual variables for the constraints.

where and are dual variables or Lagrange multipliers.

Here, u 1, u 2 represent the scaled dual variables.

where λ 1 and λ 2 represent nonnegative dual variables.

(mu) and (lambda) are dual variables from subproblems described next.

z and p v are dual variables without physical meanings.

where v n and u n are associated dual variables.

These endogenous variables act as dual variables for market coordination.

For the inner loop, with fixed dual variables, all N M(K + 1) subproblems need to be solved to update the dual variables.