For example, the identification of a haplotype which is associated with elevated WSC in L. perenne offers the potential to optimise and introgress the high WSC trait into varieties targeted at bioenergy or dual use applications.
Under UN resolution 1718, passed in 2006, North Korea is banned not just from pursuing a nuclear program, but from conducting such launches because of the potential dual-use application.
But the most politically sensitive issue in Congress might turn out to be dual-use applications of nuclear reactor parts.
These radiation assessment diagnostic technologies can have dual-use applications supporting general medical-related care.
In considering implications on a global scale, countries could embed these genetic modification programs within academic and/or commercial research and development infrastructures to make dual-use applications difficult to detect (Giordano, 2016).
The report, which was produced by the FBI's Directorate of Intelligence, predicted that "autonomy… will make mobility more efficient, but will also open up greater possibilities for dual-use applications and ways for a car to be more of a potential lethal weapon than it is today", the Guardian reported.
In contrast, if scientists acknowledge that tacit knowledge remains important and that the science is thus less accessible to nonscientists, the perceived risk of dual-use applications is lower.
This group noted that when synthetic biologists focus on the transformative application of engineering principles to biology and the de-skilling of the science that makes it more accessible to nonscientists in their public discussions of the science, the perceived risk of dual-use applications by criminals and combatants is higher.
Dual use is defined as the application of materials, knowledge or technologies for military or terrorist purposes, as well as for good.
2. Genedrive effect and dual use of research: one of the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in Drosophila Melanogaster (the fly used as animal model in laboratories all over the world) has created mutants which are genetically 'dominant', i.e. whose effect also pass down to future generations of flies that, if released into the environment, could wipe out wild-type flies.
In November, new EU regulations meant that software like Hacking Team's RCS and Gamma's FinFisher became classed as a "dual use" good, one with civilian and military applications.
