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Open image in new window Fig. 1 Schematic of dual fracture system for competitive flow in fractured connectivity systems.
Six weeks earlier, on May 4th, Kolesnikov had suffered a dual fracture to his skull.
The results show a significant difference between calculated permeability of dual fracture models and discrete fracture network (DFN) models.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Subsurface fluid loss fracture (a) dual fracture system in impermeable rock.
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Therefore, the multi-continuum model for shale gas reservoir commonly comprises three media: matrix, natural fractures and hydraulic fractures, which is also called dual-fracture model (Al-Ahmadi and Ershaghi 1996).
The model considers the flow of water, gas, and heat, plus reactions between minerals, CO2 gas, and aqueous species, and porosity permeability capillary pressure coupling for a dual permeability (fractures and matrix) medium.
These dual modes of fracture were rationalized in terms of a plane strain to plane stress transition.
The dual mode of fracture was rationalized by equations for ductile yielding and brittle crack propagation; values of yield stress and critical intensity factor were estimated from these model equations.
In field-scale dual porosity models, fractured reservoirs are represented as two intercommunicating domains: a flowing fraction composed of the connected fracture network and high permeability matrix; and a stagnant fraction composed of lower permeability matrix containing most of the original oil.
Most vulnerable are unconfined dual porosity and fractured bedrock aquifers, due to a large component of very young groundwater.
A dual-mode of fracture was observed in SEN3PB specimens whose Izod impact samples with the same composition had ductile brittle transition temperatures near room temperature.
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