In attempt to address this issue the same study used a dual measure of adherence, the Active Engagement Scale, a 15-item questionnaire, assessing primarily involvement in therapy and collaborative participation.
Further, medical providers enacted correctional roles and sanctioned participants for refusing to take their medications, which had a dual effect of promoting adherence, but also diminishing self-management of adherence behaviors.
Finally, the additional predictive factor for adherence to dual therapy (i.e. anti-TB treatment and ART) was having a sex partner on ART.
We were unable to ascertain adherence to dual nicotine replacement therapy, but it is likely that measures to increase both uptake and adherence would have further improved the cessation rate.
Finally, the following predictive factors were associated with adherence to dual therapy: perceiving health status as being 'poor' [OR: 0.20 (0.14–0.29), p < 0.001] and having a sex partner on ART [OR: 0.50 (0.25–0.97), p < 0.05].
Patient characteristics associated with adherence to dual-method contraceptive use are not known.
Finally, the self-report of non-adherence to dual therapy is high in this sub-sample (42.4%) but comparable to the figures reported in the literature [ 2].
In individuals with TB/HIV dual infection receiving treatment, correct adherence to anti-TB drugs and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are essential for good treatment outcomes [ 2].
The impact of the dual-level intervention on physician adherence to evidence-based therapy focused specifically on appropriate use of an ACE-I or ARB, β-blocker and aldosterone antagonist.
The continued spread of biotechnology information and materials in the period since the last conference makes it very likely that export controls in developing nations, verification of BWC adherence and the dual-use issue will need to be addressed at the upcoming conference.
