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Poorer but still reasonable estimations are achieved when only the air humidity-based surface dryness index is used.
The results of the study are summarized in terms of soil type and three dimensionless numbers: climatic dryness index, storage capacity index and drainability index.
The results show that incorporating the soil temperature in the surface dryness index instead of the potential evaporation index can improve soil evaporation estimations.
Our results highlight the Great Plains region of the United States as a suitable region, and within this area we focus on Kansas for a more detailed analysis to calculate land areas within varying dryness index thresholds.
In contrast, a soil evaporation parameterization that estimates the potential evaporation through the mass transfer method (with Ts) and the surface dryness index from the soil moisture content did not perform as well as the above ten parameterizations.
However, when the surface dryness index is only based on air humidity data, the Priestley-Taylor potential evaporation index performs as well as the index that is estimated from the Penman equation.
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In addition, the energy balance factor is crucial in the surface dryness indices.
We establish and evaluate ten such soil evaporation parameterizations through combinations of different types of potential evaporation indices and surface dryness indices at near-instantaneous scales (30 min).
The surface dryness indices that indicate the water availability of the soil surface are based on Ts and/or the air humidity.
The effect of soil dryness on physiological indices was small over a certain range of soil water deficit started from 0 to approximately 40% (Patanè 2011).
The differenced normalised burn ratio (dNBR or burn severity), local slope, radiative index of dryness (AI) and rainfall intensity (from rainfall radar) were significant predictors in a susceptibility model, which produced excellent results in terms identifying channels that were eroded by debris flows (Area Under Curve, AUC = 0.91).
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