Intravenous drug users drive epidemics in Jakarta, nearby Bandung, and the tourist destination of Bali, while commercial sex fuels epidemics in Surabaya, Makassar and Papua.
This city metropolitan area has been relatively spared by the injecting drug users-driven boom of new HIV infections secondary to the shared use of injection paraphernalia, even in its national peak (in the late 1980s/early 1990s), and has declined since then.
The increased SSS-V total score in the drug users was driven by significantly higher scores on the disinhibition subscale, which overlaps with the loss of control component of impulsivity.
The truth is that we can't be sure, but there is one explanation which fits the facts: the drug users who drive the crime figures are committing a mass of offences which are statistically invisible.
At that time, participants in our syringe exchange program ran the exchange component, so a vanload of Lower East Side drug users and I drove up to Boston.
Driving drug users off the web and onto the backstreets carries risks.
Proponents of harm reduction say banning rave clubs will simply drive drug users underground, beyond the reach of public health programs.
Further investigation is recommended to see if illicit drug (other than marijuana) users are exposed to disproportionate risks of drug offers whereas non-users drive the decreasing trend in illicit drug use among adolescents.
Criminalisation of key populations affected by HIV, such as sex workers, drug users and gay men, has driven those communities underground.
Injection drug users were recruited via respondent driven sampling, snowball and makeshift outreach methods.
A focus on illicit markets not only allows licit ones to expand, but may even drive illegal drug users to seek options that they perceive might get them in less trouble.
