In this article, Ian Hastings and Umberto D'Alessandro describe general model results without recourse to mathematical details, identify the factors that should be considered in the design of drug control programmes, and discuss the crucial parameters that remain unknown and need to be measured in the field or laboratory.
"Pervez Musharraf is the best thing that happened to this country in years," says Simon Gillett, who until recently helped run a development project connected with the UN's drug-control programme.
According to the UN's drug-control programme, this year's crop is likely to yield 1,900-2,700 tofnes opiumium, bringing Afghanistan back to its mid-1990s level.
According to Bernard Frahi, who heads the UN drug-control programme for Afghanistan and Pakistan, the immediate priority is to make sure that farmers have access to seeds, fertiliser and credit for alternative crops before the next opium-planting season in the autumn.
Countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan now have many more heroin addicts than the United States; and synthetic drugs like speed and ecstasy are made in developed countries.Pino Arlacchi, who became boss of the UN's drug-control programme in September, points out that it has taken only one year (a millisecond in UN time) for the world's governments to agree on a general "global" strategy.
Compared with drug-control programmes in Bolivia and Peru, "there's a total lack of balance between stick and carrot," says Klaus Nyholm, the UNDCP's man in Bogota.At first sight, Mr Pastrana appears to have had more success in modernising the armed forces.
Police and drug prevention and control programmes routinely raid the drug trafficking networks and the "shooting galleries" where drugs and injection equipment are sold or exchanged and where drug injection take place.
Both laboratories participate in an international interlaboratory quality control programme for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs [ 19].
It is suggested that the optimal surveying strategy for S. mansoni needs to take into account the goals of the control programme and the financial and drug resources available.
Dr Martin Sirengo, head of Kenya's national Aids and STI control programme, said he hoped that locally made drug supplies might encourage people who have not yet come forward to test their HIV status.
While the reported malaria-like fever rate remained high despite a tightening of the clinical definition, the near-universal use of RDTs in these cases has provided the national malaria control programme with a solid basis for predicting drug consumption.
