The conserved nucleotide binding domains of these transporters drive transport, whereas the more variable transmembrane domains create the translocation pathway, providing safe passage for a diverse variety of substrates [5].
The mechanism of osmotic activation of OpuA bears resemblance to that of ProP from Escherichia coli [7]and BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum [8], which are secondary transporters that use electrochemical ion gradients rather than ATP to drive transport.
Furthermore it is researched when, and if, there was a change from a solely sectorial mono-modal transport strategy (road, rail separated) towards an integrated transport planning process and when, and if, there was a development away from a demand-fulfillment-driven transport planning paradigm towards a transport-demand-management driven transport planning strategy.
We characterize, electrokinetically modulated axial pressure driven transport of a power-law fluid through microchannel in the presence of superimposed magnetic field.
The capital is flat, most main streets have bike lanes, and bicycles (called zi xing che, "self driven transport") are practical, cheap, green and slice through the perpetual gridlock.
Without such a geometry the gradient of FA stress that they find to drive transport disappears and their model fails.
These machineries share a common requirement for proteins that utilize ATP as an energy source to drive transport of macromolecules.
Whether ppk1 is used to store Pi as polyphosphate for surviving periods of extreme Pi-limitation, or whether it is used to drive transport equilibria by acting as a phosphate sink to maximize uptake requires further elucidation through laboratory work.
Symporters require an electrochemical membrane potential to drive transport, allowing solutes to accumulate against their concentration gradient [ 10, 18, 19].
Several theoretical frameworks have been developed to explain various fluctuation driven transport modes such as stochastic pumping, which govern transport in Brownian motors and ratchets.
