More recently, in the 2003 book "Strategic Copy Editing," the University of Oregon journalism professor John Russial offered this rule of thumb: "As the word count drops, the likelihood of ambiguity increases".
In comparisons with behavior observed in otherwise identical real payment referenda, the script worked remarkably well at higher payment levels (dropping the likelihood of a yes vote to the level obtained in separate sample real referenda), but less well at a lower payment level.
Using this framework map, we added the remaining markers by progressively dropping the likelihood threshold to LOD = 3, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and then 0.001.
When CNN launched its campaign, West Virginia was 49th, so it makes sense that moving Hawaii out of that spot would, in all likelihood, drop the Mountain State into last place.
Researchers subsequently reported a 14percentt drop in the likelihood of youth participating in political violence and a 20percentt drop in youth supporting violence.
Significance was taken as a drop in the likelihood estimator of the models compared.
However, constraining R. akari and the transitional group to be monophyletic in the complete data tree only causes a marginally significant drop in the likelihood (SH test; lnL = 20.003 p = 0.066).
Controlling for other comorbid diagnoses, medications known to cause hyponatremia, and sex, an increase of 10 years in age was associated with an almost 30% drop in the likelihood of a negative claim or no claim at all (odds ratio: 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 0.74; data not shown).
The approach of G ianola and van K aam (2008) and our approach are different in that we maximize the full likelihood whereas they drop the summand log(c) in Equation 3. Note that c depends on the unknown parameters, i.e., the variance components and the parameters of the Matérn covariance function.
So I'm going to double down and drop the weaselish lawyer words like "may" and "likelihood".
