Sentence examples for driving substrates from inspiring English sources
Sodium ions are usually the driving substrates in the co-transport systems of animal cells, which maintain high concentrations of these ions through primary active transport.
Plant and bacterial cells usually use hydrogen ions as the driving substrate; sugars and amino acids are the most common driven substrates.
In this way the energy-expending diffusion of the driving substrate powers the energy-absorbing movement of the driven substrate from low concentration to high.
As the driving substrate is transported down its concentration gradient, it drags with it the driven substrate, which is forced to move up its concentration gradient.
From influencing the trophic ecology of demersal fishes to driving substrate homogeneity, long-term monitoring and invasive ascidian management for this continental shelf region is recommended.
In this model, binding of ATP provides the "power stroke" driving substrate transport, while ATP hydrolysis is required to reset the transport cycle to CIn (often referred to as a resting state).
Hydrolysis proceeds preferentially at the consensus NBS (2) driving substrate extrusion and leading to another asymmetric state of the NBD wherein the degenerate NBS is ATP-bound while the consensus NBS is ADP-bound (3).
The E3 ligases, for their fundamental role in driving substrate disposal, are emerging as significant druggable targets (44) for the treatment of different diseases involving the ubiquitin proteasome system (45).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08698.010 Given the important role of RING domains in driving protein substrate ubiquitination (Deshaies and Joazeiro, 2009), we next tested if the regulation of AMPK activity by ROQUIN was a result of RING-mediated AMPK ubiquitination.
The transporter must be able to undergo a conformational change when not bound to either substrate, so as to complete the cycle and return the binding sites to the side from which driving and driven substrates both move.
While phasic activity is a characteristic feature of REMS, the neural substrates driving this activity remain unresolved.
