Our results specifically implicate antigen and not inflammation in driving activation of apoptotic mechanisms without cell death in proliferating CD8+ T cells.
Given that Langerhans cells and dermal DC do not appear to play a major role in activating CD8+ T cells during s.c. infection, we hypothesised that these subsets may be more important in driving activation of CD4+ T cells.
This confirmed that CD8α DC were the sole DC subset responsible for presenting viral antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells, but importantly revealed that CD4 DC, and to a lesser extent, DN DC were also involved in driving activation of CD4+ T cells (Figure 7C,D).
In other systems, γδ T cells may up-regulate surface markers following recognition of Toll-like receptor ligands [ 42], or as a result of TNF activity [ 43], although the mechanisms driving activation of γδ T cells both in naive lungs and following in vivo pathogen challenge remain unknown.
The elucidation of the mechanisms driving Notch activation in these particular diseases has remained elusive.
Drugs produce a different activation pattern by additionally driving OR activation in the somatic Golgi apparatus and Golgi elements extending throughout the dendritic arbor.
In mDC, TLR3 and cytoplasmic sensors, RIG-I/MDA5 usually participate in driving NK activation in response to double-stranded (ds)RNA [4] [6].
Recent studies of functional and effective brain connectivity in nonimpaired readers suggest that the left OT cortex is substantially involved in driving brain activation in left inferior frontal areas (e.g., [51] [54]).
These results suggest a role for elevated LPS levels in driving monocyte activation in AIDS, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of HAD, and provide evidence that cofactors linked to substance abuse and HCV co-infection influence these processes.
Our studies have revealed a prominent and non-redundant role for IL-6 in driving Stat3 activation in breast cancer.
