We use empirical models of the performance of inventors over their careers based on an established theoretical framework of the drivers of creativity, the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other (KSAO) model.
On the basis of data at the district level in Germany, the conclusions of a previous study about the Netherlands are tested: medium-tech manufacturing is the main driver of the knowledge-based configuration in a regional economy, while knowledge-intensive services tend to uncouple the economy from the regional configuration.
In 1997 the WTO's Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and Basic Telecommunications Agreement (BTA) reduced the tariffs on computer and telecommunications products and some intangible goods considered to be drivers of the developing knowledge-based economy.
Our contention is that TfL is nervous of taking on the multinational big guns at Uber with their hotshot lawyers and PR teams, and that consequently they are being allowed to offer what amounts to a taxi service in London without going through any of the regulatory hoops – drivers studying the Knowledge of London, stringent conditions of fitness and licensing – that we cabbies take for granted.
Since there was no data to calibrate it, it was assumed that most drivers in the morning peak period were familiar drivers who had the knowledge of road network and traffic conditions.
That there are many thousands of licensed London taxi drivers shows that acquisition of "the Knowledge," and presumably the brain changes that arise from it, is not uncommon, offering encouragement for lifelong learning, and possibly a role in neurorehabilitation in the clinical context.
Glaswegian drivers do a shorter version of the Knowledge, join the Glasgow Taxis co-op and buy their cabs outright, lease them or share them with other drivers.
We challenge this assumption by investigating the drivers of knowledge protection intensity of MNC subsidiaries.
Thus, this paper deals with a broad literature review on innovation drivers and barriers, and an analysis of the knowledge induced by public research and development expenditures (R&D) and patents in the energy sector.
Using a dataset of publications dated between 1985 and 2013, we evaluate the role of three major drivers of knowledge creation: innovation induced by the high price of precious materials; technological advances; and regulatory stringency.
