The widespread incidence of this genetic alteration, the high extent of RAF catalytic hyperactivation produced by this amino acid-specific mutation and its strong transforming properties in vitro and in vivo are powerful indicators of its driver function in melanomagenesis (Gray-Schopfer et al, 2007).
Among genes with tumor-specific retentions, genes with known driver functions in cancer were rediscovered, including EGFR, ROS1, ATM and KDR.
In conclusion, the SRF-VP16 iHep mouse model, which is shown to display, in part, gene expression profiles elicited upon combined oncogenic Ras/MAPK and Rho/actin signaling, identifies SRF target genes to fulfill oncogenic driver functions in HCC.
Because of the need for cooperation, the presence of danger and their weekly interaction, "Winston Cup drivers function like a clan," writes Ronfeldt, in "a combination of the Old Testament rule of 'an eye for an eye' and the New Testament's Golden Rule of 'do unto others.' " Ronfeldt's discussion is much too rich in social science theory as well as racing lore to be reduced here.
In fact, Detroit employs a cadre of "human factors engineers" whose job it is to anticipate how cars and drivers will function in the real world and then to design around predictable problems.
The recent report of a recurrent gene fusion of UBR5 on 8q22.3 and ZNF423 on 16q12.1 (UBR5- ZNF423) in 8 % of EBV-associated primary nasopharyngeal carcinomas suggests a driver function of this gene fusion in a subset of nasopharyngeal cancers [ 163].
SYK gene fusions or translocations have been reported in hematologic malignancies, in which a driver function for overexpressed SYK has also been postulated [ 15, 58, 59].
In order to investigate the role of TG at different developmental stages, we used a temperature-sensitive mutant (Tub-GAL80ts; Da-GAL4) in which the driver function of GAL4 is repressed by ubiquitously expressed GAL80 at 18°C and de-repressed at 29°C, thereby enabling selective temporal expression of the UAS-TG IR.
In contrast, when driving with a voluntary ISA, overtaking behaviour remained mostly unchanged: drivers disengaged the function in approximately 70% of overtaking scenarios.
On the other hand, several cell lines derived from metastatic melanomas showed the mutation identified in sporadic cases independently of known driver mutations consistent with driver function for the TERT promoter mutation (Huang et al, 2013).
