High niche diversity in the Neotropics is thus thought to drive specialization and support high species diversity.
Duplication of such genes can facilitate the specialization of daughter genes and changes in expression, for instance in more restricted sets of tissues, can further drive specialization [23].
However, niche construction theory has shown that specialization does not precede exploitation of a niche--rather, new-niche occupation by initially unspecialized species is precisely what drives specialization [ 14].
Sex and spatial heterogeneity can drive specialization and diversification (e.g., [ 39, 40]), but here we see that they are not necessary components as long as trade-offs in resource utilization are present.
Moreover, different regimes of growth are found to be at work in the life sciences for originators versus developers of new business opportunities, reflecting the fact that growth is driven by specialization and division of labor in the processes of generation and attraction/development of technological opportunities.
We therefore considered if maternal effects sustained the evolutionary process that has driven the specialization of D. sechellia.
If indeed diversification was only driven by specialization, we would see a never-ending drive towards increasing specificity and ultimately all further diversification could only be accomplished by cospeciation with the host.
This work is interesting in that such a clear result, that linkage of functions drives specialization, arises from such a simple, abstract model.
Because experience drives cortical specialization, reduced attention to "others" results in a failure of specialization and less efficient function of the brain regions that mediate social cognition [ 54].
Future trends will drive further specialization, which underscores the need for fundamental understanding of flexible packaging.
Several PDV virulence genes have been identified (Bitra et al. 2011; Bézier et al. 2013) and adaptive selection on some of them drove the specialization of Cotesia parasitoid wasps (Herniou et al. 2013).
