The increase was driven by higher yields in the bond market.
The analysis indicates that the ductile failure of such pipes is primarily driven by the yield stress of the polymer (or pipe).
But the strength of corporate profits was a vital component; in 2006 American profits achieved their highest share of GDP since the second world war.The recent rally in shares has been driven by the low yields available on alternative asset classes like cash and government bonds and by hopes of economic recovery.
The growth model driven by investment which yielded so much in past decades offers diminishing returns; it needs to be replaced by one fuelled in large part by productivity improvements and consumer spending.
According to Richard Jones of the actuarial group Punter Southall, the recent fall in gilt yields (driven by QE) of around 50 basis points increases liabilities by around 10%.
The push for higher yields, driven by influential voices within the Rockefeller and Ford foundations, required a strong agricultural support structure, including expensive pesticides, herbicides, fertilisers and regular irrigation, much of which was beyond the capacity of small-scale growers.
They have been driven by falling government-bond yields (see chart 3) more than by rising corporate rates.Indeed, with the Fed committed to keeping rates close to zero, Treasury-bond yields are astonishingly low by historic standards.
Over time, the result for farmers should be a 'virtuous circle' of increasing crop yields driven by ever-smarter and environmentally sustainable use of fertilizer, water and other precious resources.
Crystallization behavior of the PEG molecules in channels of SBA-15 driven by surface functionalization engineering yields a controllable phase change enthalpy of PEG/SBA-15 composite and provides a general approach for the controlling of the thermal properties of PCMs.
"Real estate funds are being driven by people looking for yield, but also for safety," said Tom Roseen, a senior research analyst at Lipper.
In tropical dry forest systems (Janzen 1988), grass intrusion and other habitat modifications driven by anthropogenic disturbance can yield widely different outcomes depending on the degree of degradation and frequency of perturbation.
