The challenge is not how we can recreate High Streets as they were but how we drive a positive evolution to ensure they remain at the heart of local communities.
The mouse-specific expansion of Nlrp4 and Nlrp9, concerning segmental duplication events, has been driven by positive evolution.
Relationships between fungal-farming animals and fungi are models of how co-evolution can drive positive interactions and establish some species as ecosystem engineers.
Furthermore, in a recent study [ 29] it was shown that positive selection drives the evolution of pattern recognition receptors in Drosophila.
The detection of positive selection as an evolutionary force driving the functional divergence of OryzaTPS1 presents the first case that we are aware of in which positive selection drove the evolution of terpene synthase genes for the diversification of terpenoid biosynthesis.
To explore whether positive selection drove the evolution of the caleosin gene family and whether selective constraints affected caleosin genes after duplication, it must be determined whether the rate of relaxation accelerated and if any amino acid residues were under positive selection.
To investigate whether positive selection drove the evolution of new functions in the Kunitz/BPTI family in Ixodes scapularis, site-specific models implemented in the CODEML program of PAML version 4.4c [ 55] were used to evaluate the selective pressure in each group.
Three recent theoretical papers have suggested that selection for cooperation can concomitantly drive the evolution of population structures that support cooperation, reinforcing sociality via a positive feedback loop.
These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that the relaxation of purifying selection, more than the positive selection, might be associated to sex-biased gene expression and drive phenotypic evolution, as described for Solenopsis invicta and Apis mellifera [ 60].
Benderoth et al. [ 37] found that positive selection had driven the evolution of MAM2 that originated from a lineage-specific duplication of MAMa in A. thaliana.
Our results allow us to extend this hypothesis because positive selection also drives the evolution of pheromone binding proteins in other eutherian mammals.
