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Taken together, the above studies demonstrate that electronically based EMA methods are versatile and can capture data relevant to a variety of momentary influences on alcohol use, including shifts in craving/urges, stress, affect, drinking motivation, and environmental/contextual factors.
The drinking motivation items have not been validated for use in the Russian population; therefore they may not be an accurate measure of motivations for drinking among this population.
Specifically, this study sought to do the following: (1) to determine whether inebriation was associated with having non-main partners; (2) to determine whether, among non-main partnerships, inebriation was independently associated with unprotected sex; and (3) among those who used alcohol, to assess whether drinking motivation was associated with sexual risk taking.
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The few AUD treatment studies reviewed above suggest similar limitations for constructs representing global measures of change processes, such as drinking motives, motivation to change, and self-efficacy.
Similar procedures to those described above were used to produce multivariate models that included drinking motivations as independent variables.
One European study [ 39] identified two basic classes of drinking motivations: (a) drinking to reduce tension or emotional distress and (b) drinking to facilitate social contacts.
Together, these results suggest that specific drinking motivations can meaningfully be assessed at the situation level using EMA methods and that such investigations can offer important insights into drinking for specific reasons and hazardous outcomes.
Our results may be consistent with findings from researchers who suggest that drinking to increase sexual activity plays a role primarily in the latter category of drinking motivations [ 40].
For these reasons we conducted an initial study to investigate the association of sexual risk behaviors with inebriation frequency and drinking motivations among a sample of Russian STD clinic patients.
While the majority corroborated what the female participants said about the importance of alcohol being present at a party, their drinking motivations in a party environment varied significantly and differed from that of females.
Our findings suggest that studies to reduce alcohol related harm in Russia may benefit from investigating and addressing drinking motivations that lead to sexual risk behaviors in populations at risk for STDs.
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