Unhealthy alcohol use (the spectrum from at-risk drinking amounts through alcohol dependence) and its consequences represent a major burden of disease in the general population [ 1, 2].
But the natural history of the spectrum of unhealthy alcohol use (risky drinking amounts through dependence) is not well described in the literature, nor is the natural history of readiness to change.
Daily, well-being and drinking amount were controlled.
Average drinking frequency, annual drinking amount and average drinking quantity per drinking day were derived, using the mid-points of drinking quantities and the corresponding frequencies.
AUDIT assessments include frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol consumed when drinking, and perceptions of self and others about drinking; a score greater than 9 indicates "problem drinking".
After adjustment for population, age and sex, the odds of physical limitations decreased with increasing drinking frequency, annual drinking amount, average drinking quantity per day and from non-hazardous to hazardous drinking pattern.
Subjects studied were participants in a trial but there was no experimental brief counseling intervention nor a significant treatment effect on drinking amounts.
For drinking amount, the number of glasses people drank per occasion was categorised into less than 4 glasses, 5 6 glasses and more than 7 glasses.
By contrast, pattern of drinking (amount per drinking episode), in particular frequent episodes of intoxication, is a powerful mediator of acute problems such as accidents, interpersonal violence and high-risk sexual behaviour [ 5, 6].
Although they did not give the exact drinking amount of the animals, we can estimate the hydrogen dose by its concentration since the animals were always free to access water and hydrogen did not change their drinking behavior.
