δ t = [ δt, δ ̇ t ] is the receiver clock bias and clock drift, respectively.
HC-2.0 and HC-3.5 exhibited stable behavior up to 5 and 8% drift, respectively.
Velocity magnitude is indicated by the horizontal color bar. Figure 2c, d plots the along-track and cross-track components of the measured ion drift, respectively.
Five seismic performance grades: 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0, are associated with the 1% immediate occupancy drift limit, 2% life safety limit, 3% collapse prevention limit, 10% drift, and exceeding 10% drift, respectively.
Specimens RC-2.0 and RC-3.5 of normal concrete, composed of standard RC, having bundled diagonal reinforcement and code-specified transverse reinforcement exhibited stable load-drift behavior up to about 4 and 8% drift respectively, without considerable drop in strength.
Code preset lower or upper bounds on either design acceleration or drift, respectively, that would control the final design are also addressed along with their implications, if imposed, on the frames' seismic performance.
All three components have been modeled by ring distributions (obtained by subtracting two Maxwellian distributions with different temperatures) with the hydrogen and electrons drifting, respectively, with velocities VdH and Vde.
Considering that Specimens RC-2.0 and RC-3.5 maintained a steady strength up to about 6 and 10% drift respectively, the use of bundled diagonal reinforcement in combination with code-specified transverse reinforcement was considered to be an efficient solution for building coupling beams to resist cyclic lateral loading.
Since both OPS and SDF imaging technologies are incorporated into hand-held microscopes, operational issues may arise in terms of axial and lateral instability of the microscope probes, potentially causing pressure artifacts and image drifting, respectively.
To this end, competing hypotheses have emerged, including the "thrifty phenotype" (Hales and Barker 2001) and "drifty genotype" (Speakman 2008), whereby predisposition to metabolic diseases are a result of mismatch in nutrition environments between early (pre-childhood) and adult life or due to random genetic drift, respectively.
