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The dampers begin to dissipate energy from a small (0.2%) drift level.
Moreover, the FR frame achieved the desired yield mechanism without exceeding the design target drift level.
In particular, the walls reinforced with AMFs satisfied the drift level required for collapse prevention performance specified in ASCE 41-13.
Installation of a drift eliminator, even in the worst case, reduces the water drift level to less than half of the situation without the eliminator.
Furthermore, if 1/200 is considered as a permissible residual drift level, the residual drifts would challenge function of use when the PBRBFs underwent peak inter-story drifts larger than approximately 1/100.
At a drift level of ±5%, both the code based ductile specimens (Type A) showed a strength deterioration of 30% after the third cycle whereas Type B and Type C specimens experienced 10%and20%0%, respectively.
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The fundamental periods of steel plate walls were investigated at various drift levels.
All BRBFs considered in this study reached the intended performance objectives in terms of yield mechanisms and target drift levels.
In addition, the wall stiffnesses degrade rapidly to about 50% of their initial stiffness at very low drift levels (0.1% drift); however, the test walls maintained at least 80% of their maximum strength up to large displacements (2.2% drift).
Proposed combined masonry infill (CA) allowed partial separation of the masonry from the frame at certain drift levels and prevented the infill's detrimental effects.
The connections with steel and martensitic nickel titanium tendons rapidly lost their stiffness after being cycled beyond their elastic drift levels.
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