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This viscosity used for determination of radial, hoop and drawing stresses in this process.
The PEN fiber was drawn continuously under three drawing stresses, where the neck-drawing point was fixed accurately by CO2 laser irradiation heating.
Radial drawing stresses and tangential compressive stresses are induced in flange region due to the material retention property.
Increasing concentration of ethanol greatly increased the number of necks on filament, and reduced the yield and drawing stresses.
The developed algorithm is aimed to achieve a satisfactory balance of the drawing stresses on the material along the reduction sequence, maintaining in the meantime the drawing stress at each pass below a safety value.
The d-spacings of 1.27 and 1.23 nm for the drawing stresses of 148 and 23 MPa, respectively, were somewhat shorter than the c-axis lengths of the α- and β-crystals of 1.32 and 1.27 nm, respectively.
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But on a steamy New York afternoon she seemed both more voluble and also drawn, stressed from juggling play rehearsals with the demands of the television series, which should have wrapped up its season weeks ago.
The developed crystal structures of the drawn fibers depended on the drawing stresses, that is, only the α-crystal was obtained under a drawing stress of 148 MPa, an α-rich mixed crystal was obtained for 54 MPa, and a β-rich mixed crystal was obtained under 23 MPa stress.
FEM simulation of the strain-rate distribution and drawing stress is performed to validate the new method.
Solving this fully coupled problem, we determine the fracture toughness Gc in terms of the fibril breaking force, the drawing stress and the craze microstructural parameters.
The location of the craze-bulk interface is determined by a drawing law, which states that the craze fibrils are drawn from the bulk into the craze when the stress at the craze-bulk boundary reaches the drawing stress σd.
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