LBP + pain below knee: The pain drawing indicated pain in the calf and/or foot and the worst leg pain intensity in the last 14 days was at least one.
It is composed of questions regarding pain intensity (three numeric rating scales, pain course pattern, a pain drawing reflecting pain radiation, and seven questions addressing somatosensory phenomena which the patient rates on a six-category Likert scale (never very strongly).
LBP with leg pain below the knee (LBP + pain below knee) was defined as a person with a pain drawing indicating pain in the calf and/or foot and their worst leg pain intensity being at least one.
The pain drawing indicated pain in the anterior or posterior aspect of the forearm or hand, and mean arm pain intensity was above zero.
The pain drawing indicated pain in the anterior or posterior aspects of the shoulder and/or upper arm, but no pain in the forearm or hand, and mean arm pain intensity was above zero.
LBP with leg pain above the knee (LBP + pain above knee) was defined as persons who indicated on the pain drawing that they had pain in the anterior or posterior thigh but no pain in the calf or feet, and rated their worst leg pain intensity as being one or more (0-10 scale).
Moreover, the possible correlation between pain drawing modalities and other pain assessment methods, such as pain score and functional variables needs to be described.
The inclusion criteria for the participants with pain (Table 1) are nonspecific neck-shoulder pain, defined as pain in the neck and surrounding tissues (indicated as dominant pain area in a pain drawing [ 23]) which include pain in the neck-shoulder muscles, excluding complaints related to the gleno-humeral joints.
However, this does not apply to qualitative aspects of the pain drawing, such as individual pain modalities.
According to pain history and pain distribution on a pain drawing the respondents were categorised into three groups: No chronic pain (NCP), Chronic regional pain (CRP), and Chronic widespread pain (CWP).
