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Wide-angle X-ray diffraction of the drawn films in edge view showed that the α and β crystals are oriented in directions parallel and perpendicular to the drawing directions, respectively.
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Samples stretched along the drawing direction reached 28% elongation at failure, whereas samples stretched 90° to the drawing direction reached 44% elongation at failure.
WAXD showed that hot drawing effectively oriented the UHMWPE chains along the drawing direction.
The molten precursor pitch was continuously extruded through the slit nozzle to produce a pitch tape along the drawing direction.
SEM and FTIR results on the drawn PE films demonstrate that the molecular chains in both crystalline and amorphous phases are well oriented along the drawing direction.
For the highly drawn and semicrystalline structures, the results reveal a nearly perfect alignment of the crystallite c-axis along the drawing direction with a narrow orientation distribution.
The orientation was greater in the tape drawing direction than in the tape width direction, and also in the center area than in the edge area.
Such particular structure is resulted from the approach of tilted lamellae along the drawing direction, the insertion and the orientation of new lamellae.
As a result, large orientation changes in the normal to the lamallae with regard to the drawing direction during stretching were found.
For the PVDF/PHB=4/6 7/3 blends, the crystal a-axis of PHB is highly oriented parallel to the drawing direction and the crystal c-axis (molecular chain axis) in PHB crystals is perpendicular to the drawing direction, i.e. orthogonal to the chain axis of the crystals of PVDF.
When increasing the rotating speed of the collector, preferential alignment of fibers along the drawing direction and improved molecular orientation were revealed by scanning electron microscope and polarized FTIR, respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com