The molecular targets of selection favoring brain expansion during human evolution have been sought by identifying dramatic, lineage-specific shifts in evolutionary rate.
The ongoing sequence comparisons in the Oryza genus will provide dramatic and lineage-oriented insights into the creation of new genes, the evolution of gene structure and function, conserved non-coding sequences, the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated gene in polyploid species, centromere drive and a wealth of other issues.
The STAND class consists of 14 distinct families, and the evolutionary history of most of these families is riddled with dramatic instances of lineage-specific expansion and apparent horizontal gene transfer.
We report that ectopic expression of ΔNp63 in the lung epithelium results in a dramatic switch in cell lineage commitment whereby the type II alveolvar cells show clear evidence of metaplastic changes from a simple epithelium to a stratified epithelium accompanied by robust induction of both K5 and K14 as well as K1 and K10.
Although the rate of Ye amplification has not been dramatic within the human lineage, it may be quite interesting to recover Alu Ye subfamily members from other ape genomes and to determine the rate of Ye subfamily amplification in these genomes to see if there has been any differential amplification of these elements in non-human primate genomes.
The heat map shows a dramatic demarcation between lymphoid/mixed lineage and the remaining samples where the green coloured columns indicate the consistent genome loss.
However, different lineages exhibited dramatic variations in the number of death/birth events.
The conversion of terminally differentiated cells to iPSCs or to other lineages entails dramatic transformations of epigenetic remodeling and gene expression, which was initially examined and validated by studying protein-based factors.
Minor alterations, namely gene loss and duplication events, have occurred in some animal lineages, but dramatic expansion and diversification events do not characterise the evolutionary history of the ADAR family.
However, a handful of seed plant lineages exhibit dramatic increases in mitochondrial substitution rates, reaching levels that are more typical of fast-evolving animal mitochondrial genomes (Cho et al. 2004; Parkinson et al. 2005; Bakker et al. 2006; Mower et al. 2007; Sloan et al. 2008, 2009; Ran et al. 2010).
