Peat swamp conversion requires extensive drainage, and fire is often used to open land and remove undesired biomass to prepare for planting.
Of the landscape variables, soil drainage and fire exposure had the strongest biome-specific associations: most Grassland occurred on seasonally waterlogged soils and Renosterveld on moderately drained soils.
g Includes emissions originating from deforestation, degradation, peat land decomposition from drainage and fires; data from [59 61].
f Data from [ 55]. g Includes emissions originating from deforestation, degradation, peat land decomposition from drainage and fires; data from [ 59- 61].
Here, we review the drivers structuring fungal, bacterial and archaeal communities in natural peatlands and the response of these microbial communities to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including fire, drainage, nutrient deposition, peat mining and climate change.
It has been reported that soil drainage condition affects fire frequency and severity [4, 5], vegetation recovery [6], and rates of organic matter decomposition [7] in the boreal region where thicker ground layer and higher soil C stocks are usually associated with poorer drained soils [4, 5].
The construction project was divided into six sub-projects, which were structure and decoration engineering (SD), electrical engineering (EE), water supply and drainage engineering (WD), fire protection engineering (FP), heating, ventilation and air conditioning system engineering (HVAC) and intelligent system engineering (IS).
It has been reported that soil drainage condition affects fire frequency and severity [ 4, 5], vegetation recovery [ 6], and rates of organic matter decomposition [ 7] in the boreal region where thicker ground layer and higher soil C stocks are usually associated with poorer drained soils [ 4, 5].
This paper reviews the drivers of peatland degradation in South-East Asia and confirms that logging, conversion to industrial plantations, drainage, and recurrent fires are the principal direct drivers of peatland degradation in South-East Asia, and that these drivers are compounded by a complex mix of indirect socioeconomic, policy- and climate change-related factors.
LW goaf gas flow dynamics has been investigated by many researchers using various methods such as gas tube bundle systems, underground tracer gas tests, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical modelling techniques for gas drainage, as well as fire control.
