Water residence times and vertical fluxes are derived from temperature and radon data and then directly compared for downwelling profiles.
Because the dinoflagellates reside within endodermal cells of the host animal, coral tissues must be transparent to facilitate the penetration of downwelling light required for algal photosynthesis.
Furthermore, because algal symbionts reside within the endodermal cells of their host, coral tissues must be transparent to facilitate the penetration of downwelling light required for photosynthesis by their algal consorts.
In-water profiles of upwelling nadir radiance, upwelling and downwelling irradiance are intercompared for a realistic case extracted from an experimental data set.
Examples contrasting up- and downwelling conditions are shown for four surveys (A, C, D, E) in 2006 (Figure 8).
has been developed which is based on radiative transfer simulation codes for upwelling and downwelling radiances and fluxes in the spectral range between 1.25 and 50 μm.
For upwelling and downwelling features, strength and persistence are key determinants of increased primary productivity and thus aggregations of biota [91].
In addition, ecological studies of fish vision must correct for the spectrum available at the depth where they live [ 1, 6, 7] and therefore routinely correct spectral sensitivity measurements from the laboratory for the available (mostly downwelling) light on the reef.
Errors in estimated flux increase for strong upwelling (>1.0 m/day) or downwelling (<−1.0 m/day), although the direction of flux is still accurate.
For 83% of depths in downwelling profiles, radon-derived residence times were greater (some up to two orders of magnitude greater) than temperature-derived residence times.
