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Over the course of the next three years, it drifted downward leading into the presidential election of 2004, when 4 of 10 young Americans said they approved how Mr. Bush was handling his job.
With Cuba's economy spiraling sharply downward, leading ever-larger numbers of citizens toward desperate efforts to flee the island, the Government of President Fidel Castro has stepped up efforts to crush internal opposition.
The grain growth and volume expansion of the CIGS crystal would progress simultaneously upward and downward, leading the GBM.
In our case of the p-type doped silicon substrate, the energy bands in silicon bend downward, leading to a triangular potential well for the electrons at the interface [35 40].
A negative feedback loop between the real economy and the financial system could easily tip the economy into a formal double dip: The real economy reaches a near-stall speed and risky asset prices correct downward, leading to a negative wealth effect, a higher cost of capital and reduced business, consumer and investor confidence.
The water also propagates downward leading to partial serpentinisation of the kimberlite below the boundary between regions B and C. Significant reduction of permeability in the upper part of the kimberlite prevents water from penetrating downwards quickly enough to cause serpentinisation prior to cooling below T a.
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Taken together, these factors may trigger a downward spiral leading to land degradation.
That's because living standards come under downward pressure, leading to consumers tightening their belts and companies investing less.
This road is not a circle, it's a downward spiral, leading to new lows, which, I'm sad to say, we'll be unlucky enough to experience.
There were "downside risks" to this prediction, they conceded, but a "downward spiral" leading to a longer and deeper recession was "highly unlikely given the fiscal and monetary stimulus already in the pipeline".
The aftermath proved to be so long and bloody and unpredictable, a continuous downward spiral leading to a prolonged muddle, that it precluded the very idea of an ending.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com