Sentence examples for downward causal from inspiring English sources
Strong emergence was defined as nominal emergence in which the emergent properties are supervenient properties with irreducible downward causal powers.
One is to embrace epiphenomenalism, a doctrine on which the mental, while caused by the physical, exerts no "downward" causal influence in return.
In particular, it is unclear how supervenience emergentism allows for novel, downward causal powers for emergent properties whilst still guaranteeing the covariation of emergent properties with basal properties in a way consistent with the fundamental emergent laws which ensure the supervenience of emergent properties on basal properties (Wong 2010).
His argument uses variants on two much discussed arguments he has developed in the course of challenging the tenability of contemporary nonreductive physicalism — the downward causation and causal exclusion arguments.
Although such movers can effect motions in the contrary direction to the motion at the head of the causal chain (levers are operated by the downward push of something heavy at the other end), the crucial consideration for Aristotle in this case is that the original, initiating cause of the causal chain should effect the motion according to its nature.
In particular, the causal efficacy of mental states upon brain states ("downward causation") has recently attracted growing interest (Velmans, 2002; Ellis et al. 2011).[5] This third category, here denoted [mame], is often regarded as being neutral with respect to the distinction between [ma] and [me], i.e., psychophysically neutral.
Hendry (2006) finds indications of "downward causation" in chemistry, while Stapp (2005) culls evidence from contemporary physics suggesting that there are, contrary to Completeness, causal gaps in the physical world, gaps filled in by the mental (see also Sturgeon 1998; Davies 2006).
What about downward mobility?
His pipe turned downward".
