CaMKII phosphorylates cAMP response binding element (CREB) protein, thereby inhibiting its function [48], which may lead to downstream transcriptional repression of genes involved in reproduction.
DNA methylation in promoters is closely linked to downstream gene repression.
For the genes with cre boxes located close to the TSS and downstream, distinct repression mechanisms were proposed.
Tor signals through a combination of direct phosphorylation of downstream targets and repression of phosphatase activity [58].
The phosphomimetic mutant HPr His15Asp reported here is therefore expected to disrupt HPr-CcpA interaction and block downstream CcpA-mediated repression.
Likewise, groucho was initially thought to be dedicated to repression downstream of Notch (Preiss et al., 1988), before its role in antagonizing TCF and Wnt responses emerged (Roose and Clevers, 1999).
The key regulators of this process are the so-called "writers" and "erasers", which act by dynamically modifying histones, and other chromatin-associated proteins, as well as the "readers", which interpret these PTMs, thereby facilitating the downstream activation or repression of gene expression.
In addition, the H3K9 methyl reader heterochromatin proteins Cbx1, Cbx3, and/or Cbx5 are thought to mediate transcriptional repression downstream to H3K9 methylation, yet, in our study, knockdown of Cbx3 or Cbx5 individually had no effect on the reactivation of the Xi in somatic cells.
This is the case where the insertion of Tos17 in the upstream of a gene caused the repression of downstream gene expression.
The Myc NTD contributes to the control of transcriptional activation or repression of downstream target genes [6], [7], [8], [9].
