An upwards co-current arrangement provided the 'best' mixing i.e. with minimal wall contact during the downstream oxidation process.
As sulfur poisoning increased, NH3 slip at the catalyst exit also increased due to its formation closer to the catalyst outlet and decreased exposure to downstream oxidation by surface oxygen.
We did not detect 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), the 5hmC downstream oxidation products (data not shown), or significant levels of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG).
Since HDYOA can label S-palmitoylated proteins and is not utilized by downstream β-oxidation pathways, this fatty acid chemical reporter may be particularly useful for bioorthogonal proteomic studies in cell types metabolically skewed toward fatty acid breakdown.
In mitochondria, β-oxidation downstream of peroxisomal branched chain oxidation was upregulated by EPA&DHA, as suggested by increased expression of the genes CPT1a (FC = 2.9), and Hadhb (FC = 2.2) amongst others.
This occurred in the absence of an increase in accumulation of acid soluble metabolites, indicating that the supply of fatty acids and/or the rate of β-oxidation were better matched with the capacity for downstream FA oxidative metabolism.
For that purpose, the device was used to compare the gas composition up- and downstream of an oxidation catalyst.
Results on the lean, stoichiometric and rich methane/air and propane/air flames demonstrate that, except for properties related to the slow CO oxidation downstream of the active heat release region, the flame structure in the direction normal to the flame surface is mostly not sensitive to variations in the strain rate, spanning from very low values to the state of near-extinction.
The reactivity of soot at different sites of the exhaust after-treatment system of a diesel engine (upstream and downstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), downstream of the diesel particulate filter (DPF), as well as inside the DPF) was investigated on the basis of morphology and structure of primary soot particles by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
Because of its associated fast rate, fuel consumption takes place in a thin layer where CO, H2, and OH are all out of steady state, while CO oxidation occurs downstream in a distributed manner in a region where CO is the only intermediate not in steady state.
AMPK activation was also accompanied by an increased expression of key downstream genes controlling lipid oxidation, that is, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b and acyl-CoA oxidase 1.
