Sentence examples for downstream modifying from inspiring English sources
Two key enzymes phytoene desaturase (CrtIm) and lycopene cyclase (CrtYm) have been modified and used with a series of downstream modifying enzymes with broad substrate specificity, such as monooxygenase (CrtA), carotene desaturase (CrtU), carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ), zeaxanthin glycosylase (CrtX) and carotene ketolase (CrtO) to extend successfully natural C30 and C40 pathways in E. coli.
Existing C30 synthase CrtM to synthesize carotenoids with different chain length have been engineered and a series of novel carotenoids have been achieved using downstream modifying enzymes.
Taken together, these studies suggest that differing BAV phenotypes may derive from a common genetic pathway influenced by downstream modifying elements.
In both cases the first cytosine(s) downstream, the telomeric sequence was methylated while no cytosines further downstream were modified.
Moreover, SOD3 can control small GTPase activation and downstream signal transduction by modifying the expression of small GTPase regulatory genes [ 8, 9].
In this study, we used AbaSI, an enzyme that recognized glucosyl-modified cytosines and created a cut site 11 13 base pairs downstream of this modified cytosine [ 19], followed by sequencing to conduct a whole-genome 5hmC analysis at single-base resolution.
The lipase gene was cloned upstream of the phage g3p encoding sequence and downstream of a modified g3p signal sequence.
Our data indicate that the output of the SCN driving activity cycles is modified downstream.
In our study, when triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, the intracellular signal transduction networks modified downstream of JAK/STAT, included the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade which contains Ras/Raf, MEK, ERK.
The Ras oncogenes utilize various signaling pathways to modify downstream effectors that drive tumorigenesis.
Dams block access to historic spawning habitats, and highly regulated flows modify downstream habitats, changing water temperature and food availability and potentially impacting growth rates.
