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A cross-functional viewpoint emphasizing downstream knowledge and lessons learned is introduced for proactive product design management.
In this paper, we first propose a relational network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for measuring the innovation efficiency of the NIS by decomposing the innovation process into a network with a two-stage innovation production framework, an upstream knowledge production process (KPP) and a downstream knowledge commercialization process (KCP).
Nelson's (2009, p. 994) comparison of IP licenses, publications and patents found IP licenses to be the most reliable indicator of "downstream knowledge utilisation" as the "competing economic interests" between licensors and licensees ensure that the licensing agreement is a fair representation of industry demand.
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The 10 top-ranking genes differentially-regulated by docetaxel plus ADT were arbitrarily selected (range of fold changes -9.96 to 9.86) for further downstream knowledge-based validation.
Because these differences cannot be neglected in downstream analyses, knowledge of the context in which degradation occurs is, therefore, crucial.
Yet, typically, the involvement of NGOs in research is downstream from knowledge production and it usually takes the form of a partnership with universities or dedicated research agencies.
Patents rarely cover an invention's numerous downstream benefits because knowledge is a public good and builds on itself.
Focusing on the product per se and its downstream and upstream knowledge evolution complex system, ontology engineering adopts herein a process-driven view for capturing a continuously changing environment.
Bioinformatics clouds are heavily dependent on data, as data are fundamentally crucial for downstream analyses and knowledge discovery.
Currently, no open-source and free software solutions of this kind exist to store, manage and leverage analyzed data and provide an integrated platform for downstream computational analysis, knowledge acquisition and integration leading to new experimental hypothesis generation.
"There's a flood of knowledge coming downstream into the public consciousness.
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