In the absence of Fra, Abl appears to perform these functions downstream of other guidance receptors to induce a variety of projection errors, including trajectories away from the CNS.
In the absence of Fra, increased Abl activity appears to be incorrectly utilized downstream of other guidance receptors resulting in a loss of commissures and the abnormal projections of some axons beyond the CNS/PNS border.
Moreover, our results highlight axon guidance downstream signalling pathways, which allow precise patterns of connectivity within the CNS.
The invertebrate orthologs of Mena have been shown to function downstream of axonal guidance receptors DCC and Robo [ 30, 31], which have also been implicated in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland [ 32].
Additionally, Ena/VASP proteins are targeted downstream of numerous guidance receptors (Bashaw et al., 2000; Evans et al., 2007; Lebrand et al., 2004), with the misregulation of many of these implicated in cancer (Brantley-Sieders et al., 2008; Kaufmann et al., 2009; Legg et al., 2008).
However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of Wnts in axon guidance.Here we show that the posterior C. elegans Wnt protein LIN-44 repels the axons of the adjacent D-type motor neurons by activating its receptor LIN-17/Frizzled on the neurons.
However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of Wnts in axon guidance.
These findings demonstrate that Tor and Rheb, but not S6k, are critical components of the photoreceptor axon guidance signaling system downstream of Tsc1.
From the concordance between miRNA and mRNA, it demonstrates the significant involvement of axon guidance and its downstream signalling pathways in HIV-mediated neurodegeneration and development of HAD.
The gene ontology and pathway analysis of the two data sets showed high concordance between miRNA and mRNAs, revealing significant interference with the host axon guidance and its downstream signalling pathways in HAD brains.
