Flood-driven recharge along predominantly losing reaches of the Bill Williams River (western Arizona, USA) later reemerges as baseflow in downstream gaining reaches, and the river's longest losing reach (Planet Valley) retains and releases the most flood recharge.
Intra-industry or vertical effects are upstream and downstream productivity gains for domestic companies.
In two cases with no drug effect, the drug is not targeting the perturbed pathway or altered downstream genes gained ectopic activation independent of upstream stimulation, so treatment is ineffective.
Mouse BMP4 DNA sequence with 5000 extra bp upstream and 5000 extra bp downstream was gained from UCSC Genome Browser created by the Genome Bioinformatics Group of UC Santa Cruz, and analyzed with transcription factor analysis program MatInspector[32].
As the knowledge of Brachyury binding preferences continued to accumulate, the quest to identify its downstream genes gained momentum and led to the discovery of numerous Brachyury targets in chordates, but also in nonchordate model systems, such as the sea urchin [ 113].
Estimates of the effects of primary prevention of diabetes and tertiary prevention of macrovascular complications on the reduction of downstream healthcare costs, gain of quality-adjusted survival, and the costs of interventions were based on a modeling study [ 12].
Estimates of the reduction in downstream healthcare cost, gain of quality-adjusted survival, and the costs of interventions for tertiary prevention of microvascular complications were based on a study that modeled the results of intensive blood glucose control and use of ACE-inhibitors on nephropathic complications [ 13].
To identify genes downstream of etsrp, gain-of-function experiments were performed for etsrp in zebrafish embryos followed by transcription profile analysis by microarray.
Any effort to improve the efficiency by which clinical queries are framed should provide valuable gains downstream.
They not only irritate cattle (with downstream effects on weight gain, milk production, etc)., but they can vector pink eye.
For ENI to get hold of more gas to feed into its European distribution network, Mr Scaroni says, it will have to gratify Gazprom's desire to gain direct "downstream" access to customers in Italy.
