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Competition in physical mail happens upstream whereas downstream delivery of physical mail has the characteristics of a monopoly".
"Competition in physical mail" – that is competition for profits – "happens upstream", while "downstream delivery of physical mail" – that is, the actual work – "has the characteristics of a monopoly".
Downstream delivery to food manufacturers and suppliers would entail participants paying a fee.
44 45 Therefore, rather than being inert markers of injury, EMPs may act as downstream delivery systems for proinflammatory products that are vasculoprotective in acute inflammatory conditions but which may perpetuate vascular dysfunction in chronic disease.
Similar(55)
However, since renal clearance is downstream of delivery to other tissues of interest (e.g. tumour), no significant effect is expected on these.
Forest recovery in headwater basins, dam construction, gravel mining, and channelization over the past half century are likely the dominant factors that significantly reduced downstream sediment delivery, thereby promoting channel incision and forest expansion.
The molecular design principles developed in this fundamental study will be helpful in downstream drug delivery and sensing applications, which is the present focus in our laboratories.
Forest clearing for crops, road construction and various development schemes are also of concern because of reduced slope stability, increased sediment and pollutant delivery downstream, and increased peak flows.
Floodplains are an important component of watershed systems because they affect downstream storage and delivery of overbank flood waters, and they also serve as sources and temporary sinks for sediments and toxic substances delivered by river systems.
Glacial landforms and stochastic mass wasting in alpine systems may interfere with sediment delivery to downstream sites where detrital sediments are often collected to represent upstream bedrock sources.
In many agricultural regions investments are made into improved land management and catchment restoration with the aim of reducing sediment and nutrient delivery to downstream water bodies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com