Exact(8)
Meanwhile, additional pH adjustment procedure increased the downstream cost in industrial application.
The downstream cost must be included in all production, and waste and damage to the environment must be paid for up front.
"Technical Debt" is a term first used by Ward Cunningham in an experience report in 1992.1 The term refers to the accruing debt or downstream cost that happens when short term priorities trump long term lifecycle costs.
Estimating potential downstream cost savings is an area ripe for future research.
Consequently, a combination of both bioenergy production and wastewater treatment would reduce the downstream cost of treating primary effluent wastewater.
If a single and relatively simple intervention such as a vaccination program would have this dramatic of impact on foodborne illnesses, downstream cost savings would certainly be realized.
In order for biorefining schemes involving the production of cellulosic ethanol to be economically viable, it is necessary to run the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high dry matter contents in order to decrease the downstream cost of isolating the products.
Given the economic importance of identifying the economic impact E. coli vaccine program introduction could have on stakeholders throughout the meat and livestock chain we first directly estimate market impacts in the absence of incentivizing demand improvements or possible downstream cost savings.
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