The agencies downgraded many energy trading companies last year -- some of them several times, several to below investment grade.
"The paper shows a lot of the gadgets aren't replaced; they're downgraded," says energy engineer Edgar Hertwich of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, who wasn't involved in the research.
The benefits of doing so far outweigh the costs associated with downgrading their energy relationship.
Nor is downgrading the energy relationship with Russia in the hope that it will in any manner increase the EU's influence over the future of Ukraine or affect Russian interests in its near abroad.
That's one reason I have been buying up the high-yield convertible preferreds of downgraded and distressed energy companies like TXU Energy, the largest electricity retailer in Texas, and natural-gas provider El Paso Energy.
In the academic literature it was downgraded as a major energy source, and the sector attended the technical aspects professionally, but the decision makers treated the dam-site and reservoir area population with woeful neglect.
That fan, Goldman , Sachs & Companys energy analyst, David Fleischer, downgraded the shares to neutral.
C1 Ill-Fated InvEnronnt in Enron Months before the star money manager at Alliance Capital Management bought millions of Enron shares last year, the firm's energy analyst had downgraded the stock and sold the holdings from a fund she managed.
Moody's has downgraded California three times since the energy crisis of 2000-01 and the collapse of the technology bubble at about the same time.
In the meantime, as Russia is being downgraded to China's supplier of energy resources, Xi Jinping will continue to reassure Mr. Putin about the significance of China's relationship with Russia.
The UK has slipped down several rankings on its attractiveness as a place to invest in clean energy in recent months, with its top sustainable energy rating of AAA being downgraded to AAB by the UN-accredited World Energy Council.
