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The phase transformations occurring in the double strengthened surface were also studied in detail.
The microstructure in the diffusion layer plays a key role in improving the property of the double strengthened surface.
In the present work, a double strengthened surface with a chromized layer and a N/C-rich diffusion layer was fabricated on a carbon steel by a nitro-chromizing process.
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The PMFF is usually wide enough to be doubled, strengthening the structure.
In spite of the remarkable difference between the static capacity of un-strengthened and doubler plate strengthened T- and Y-joints subjected to IPB, the static strength of doubler plate strengthened T/Y-joints under IPB load has not been investigated so far and no design equation is available to calculate the ultimate strength of doubler plate reinforced T/Y-joints.
These FE models investigate the effect of the doubler plate size and joint geometry on the static strength of doubler plate strengthened tubular T/Y subjected to in-plane bending (IPB) load.
For this reason, geometrically parametric study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to propose an ultimate capacity parametric formula for the static analyses of doubler plate strengthened tubular T/Y-joints subjected to IPB load.
Investigations have been made in regards to failure mode, ultimate load and effective bond length for CFRP strengthened double and single strap joints.
Three IMG system layouts were investigated: single-side strengthening; single-side strengthening with steel fibre-reinforced polymer (SFRP) ties; and double-side strengthening.
This specimen was strengthened with double layers of U-jacket CFRP sheet.
The primary purpose of this paper is to present the structural behavior of precast foamed concrete sandwich walls (FCS) strengthened with double steel shear connectors (DSC) subjected to axial load.
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