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If we expand M 2 = ( C k 1 + C k 2 + … + C k m ) 2, the double products contribute only even (~0) entries: M 2 = C 2 k 1 + C 2 k 2 + … + C 2 k m mod 2. If N = 2 n, squaring matrix M n-times gives M N = C N k 1 + C N k 2 + … + C N k m mod 2. Because C N k 1 = ( C N ) k 1, and C N = I (the unit matrix), M N = m·I mod 2. This proves the following.
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Exercise slightly increased heart rate and double product.
There was an increase in HR and double product following exercise (Table 2).
Cardiac double product, a surrogate of myocardial oxygen consumption increased in epinephrine group and did not change in norepinephrine group.
The amplitude of the interference will be proportional to the double product of the amplitudes of the interfering points.
Respiratory [respiratory rate (RR) and SpO2)] and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure and double product (SBD * HR)] were continuously monitored.
a An exercise stress test on a treadmill shows ST depression in leads II, III, aVF, V4, V5, and V6 at a double product of 13,500 during the Bruce protocol.
Moreover, an additional index of oxygen consumption, the double product, will be calculated as a heart rate x systolic blood pressure product.
Our results suggest that both CCR at inclusion, assessed using double product, as well as 24-hour CCR are important factors in determining patient prognosis.
Double product (systolic arterial pressure × heart rate) is an old hemodynamic tool, closely related to CR and known to have low values in chronic heart failure [ 7– 9].
We also calculated the SBP×HR double product, an index of cardiac load that has been shown to be associated with an increased CVD risk (16).
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