Sentence examples for double layer expansion from inspiring English sources

It proved that the multi-component ions exchange is not dominant to recover additional recovery without double layer expansion.

Furthermore, electrical double layer expansion and multi-component ion exchange were determined as recovery mechanisms without any pH impact on oil recovery (Shaddel and Tabatabae-Nejad 2015).

In addition, zeta potentials at oil/brine and rock/brine interfaces were measured to examine the impact of brine composition on electrical double layer expansion and investigate if it is one of the dominate mechanisms.

The complex composition brines of ultra-dilute seawater and excess sulfate seawater each gave the lowest adhesion due to a combination of double layer expansion, surface charge change and gypsum passivation of the calcite surface.

In conclusion, double layer expansion was caused by the highly negative zeta potential as a result of lower salinity and the divalent cation plays a major role in recovering additional oil.

For 20 °C and 40 °C, we find that the contact angle decreases by up to 30° with decreasing divalent cation concentration but remains constant upon decreasing the total salinity by removing only monovalent cations, i.e. upon double layer expansion at constant divalent cation concentration.

The other potential effects of cations may include multi-ion exchange and double-layer expansion etc. [21, 38 40].

Lowering the brine salinity can result in a double-layer expansion that activates desorption of oil bearing divalent ions from the rock surface.

For the low-salinity water flooding, the double-layer expansion upon reducing the salinity and the multicomponent ion exchange are two specific competing mechanisms for the wettability alteration of sandstone reservoirs [13, 14].

Among those suggested is fines migration (Tang and Morrow 1999a), multi-ion exchange (MIE) and double-layer expansion (Lager et al. 2008), pH effect (McGuire et al. 2005), and wettability alteration (Tang and Morrow 1999a, b; Austad et al. 2010; Alotaibi et al. 2010; Hilner et al. 2015).

Expansion of the electrical double layer is another mechanism which is considered an explanation for recovery enhancement.