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Benjamin Wallace-Wells recently wrote an op-ed in New York Magazine titled, "The Case For The End Of The Modern Zoo," in which he states that the major moral dilemma that seems to exist today with zoos is the idea that they are creating a "double illusion" both for humans and for animals.
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In the somatosensory version of Sham's "double flash illusion" [47], participants experience two brief touches when the index finger is tapped once in combination with two brief flashes or auditory clicks [48].
(MTV Style's Gaby Wilson, who is deeply informed, described it as "a bustier top dress with a double-slit illusion skirt").
However, there are well known examples of cross-modal interactions that alter the percepts in one or both modalities, such as the "bounce-pass" effect [2], the McGurk effect [3], the double-flash illusion [14], and the ventriloquism effect [15].
In this section, we will review two recent studies investigating the so-called double-flash illusion (DFI [34]).
Here, we provide a novel mechanistic account of how the striking sound-induced double-flash illusion is engendered.
In case of the double-flash illusion the increased crossmodal interaction leads to erroneously perception of an additive stimulus.
The double-flash illusion has been linked to stronger activation of early visual areas [ 9, 10], as if a second real flash would have been presented [ 11].
In a second experiment, we sought causal evidence for a link between individual differences in IAF and the temporal window of the double-flash illusion.
We provide evidence supporting the idea that occipital IAF is the neurophysiological biomarker that predicts and drives the temporal profile of the sound-induced double-flash illusion.
Some illusions can be elicited reliably and constant in time (e.g. Kanisza triangle), whereas for other illusions trial-by-trial variability between veridical and illusory perception has been reported (e.g. double-flash illusion [34]).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com