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Two fault planes are possible because of the double couple.
The deviation of a moment tensor from double couple, ε, are shown below each beach ball.
The beach ball shows simple right-lateral motion, which consists of a double couple component.
The solution obtained is an almost pure double couple (non-double couple = 0.7%), with a scalar moment of 4.26e+29 dyn-cm (Mw = 9.02) and a shallow dipping fault plane of 11.9°.
Using the data from 5° to 12°, we obtained a solution with Mw = 9.1 and a best double couple given by (strike/dip/rake = 201°/10°/92°).
We then make a first constrained inversion (inverting for a double couple with a fixed dip) using the original frequency band (1 5 mHz).
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The non-double couple component can be identified also in other CMT solutions (GCMT 2016; USGS 2016).
It is known that the non-double-couple component is generated by the local variations of the fault geometry and slip direction, where the purely double-couple subevents alone can contaminate CMTs to have the non-double couple (e.g., Kuge et al. 1999).
The striking point for the M j 6.5 event is that a significant non-double couple component is included in the JMA focal mechanisms (Fig. 1).
Incorporating the contribution of normal fault motion into the estimate of moment tensor, a significant non-double couple component appears [Fig. 3c(3)].
While Kawakatsu (1991) interpreted the non-double couple components in earthquakes at ridge-transform faults as simultaneous occurrence of both normal and strike-slip at transform faults, our fault model would be the first geodetic evidence for the simultaneous rupture hypothesis of non-double couple component with no volume changes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com