At lower doses whereby the shape-induced advantage is less dominant, charge-induced effects can, however, be used to fine-tune the cellular uptake as a prospective 'secondary' uptake regulator for tight dose control in nanoparticle-based drug formulations.
Despite extensive efforts, the specific mechanisms and dose whereby diesel exhaust might cause lung cancer in humans remain uncertain, and there is no animal model relevant to human exposures (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2002).
Compiling findings from the present study, it is noteworthy that in vivo antitumor promoting activity of TQF was restricted by dosage whereby lower dose of TQF (10 mg/kg) suppressed DMBA/TPA-induced mice skin papilloma; whilst higher dose of TQF (100 mg/kg) was found to potentiate tumor development.
MPH produced an inverted U dose response whereby moderate doses (1.0 2.0 mg/kg, p.o). significantly improved delayed alternation performance, while higher doses (2.0 3.0 mg/kg, p.o). produced perseverative errors in many animals.
Treatment responses to irradiation are dose-dependent whereby relatively low doses can cause sterility or prevent development and higher doses cause death.
Dose banding, whereby prescribed chemotherapy doses are rounded up or down to pre-determined standard doses, is a common practice including in the three centres studied.
MR1 Fab' PEG demonstrates profound inhibition in this model when dosed prophylactically (i.e., before disease onset), but has also been assessed under more stringent conditions using a therapeutic dosing regimen whereby mice were administered antibodies only after demonstrating high levels of proteinuria (>300 mg/dL).
According to the presented results, particle morphology is a decisive property regardless of both the different surface charges and doses tested, whereby rod-like particles internalized more efficiently in both cell lines.
This may simply be a dose effect whereby discriminatory tumour-associated genes are no longer differential in 'low percentage samples' due to low signal.
The effect of MyoD on satellite cell replenishment and their ability to regenerate damaged tissue is dose-dependent, whereby high MyoD levels repress satellite cell self-renewal and drive their myogenic differentiation or apoptosis [ 10].
